Tutorial for the optimization and characterization of toroidal foci for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy
Several super-resolution methods make use of toroidal foci, i.e. light foci with a central minimum, ideally a zero, of intensity. For example, STED microscopy uses toroidal foci to suppress fluorescence emission in the periphery of the excitation focus through stimulated emission. Also, interrogating molecular position using a minimum of intensity is the basis for the [...]